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琼脂粉

琼脂粉是从红藻获得的物质,琼脂粉是两种成分的混合物:线性多糖和琼脂糖,属于小分子琼脂和较小分子的异质混合物。 它在某些藻类的细胞壁中形成支撑结构,并在沸腾时被释放,这些藻类被称为琼脂藻,属于红藻类植物。琼脂粉在高温沸水调价下极易分散成为溶胶形式,不溶于冷水中,随着水温升高渐溶于热水中且呈凝胶状。配置培养基时加入该培养基约1.2%-1.5%质检;配制半固体培养基的时候,加入约0.3%-0.6%的琼脂粉。
货品编码 规格 纯度 价格 (¥) 现价(¥) 特价(¥) 库存描述 数量 总计 (¥)
SW0007-1kg 1kg 灰分ash ≤1.5%,Low gel strength(1800) ¥ 480.00 ¥ 480.00 Instock
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¥ 0.00
SW0007-500g 500g 灰分ash ≤1.5%,Low gel strength(1800) ¥ 330.00 ¥ 330.00 Instock
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¥ 0.00
SW0007-250g 250g 灰分ash ≤1.5%,Low gel strength(1800) ¥ 238.00 ¥ 238.00 Instock
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¥ 0.00
SW0006-500g 500g 灰分ash ≤1.5%,Low gel strength(1400) ¥ 160.00 ¥ 160.00 Instock
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¥ 0.00
SW0006-100g 100g 灰分ash ≤1.5%,Low gel strength(1400) ¥ 92.00 ¥ 92.00 Instock
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¥ 0.00
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中文别名 琼脂粉,琼脂粉;细菌琼脂粉,组培琼脂粉,营养组分琼脂粉,卡拉胶,天然提取琼脂粉(9002-18-0),灰粉琼脂粉,琼脂
英文别名 Agar;Agar Powder;Agar (bacteriological) (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(4R,5S)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-4-methoxyoxane-3,5-diol;
CAS号 9002-18-0
Inchi InChI=1S/C15H14N3O8P/c1-8-13(20)11(6-19)12(7-26-27(23,24)25)14(16-8)18-17-10-4-2-9(3-5-10)15(21)22/h2-6,17H,7H2,1H3,(H,21,22)(H2,23,24,25)
InchiKey CRDWYTPGQJYOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
分子式 Molecular Weight (C12H18O9)x
分子量 Formula NA
溶解度Solubility 不用于冷水,高温水中溶解
性状 白色偏黄固体粉末;solid power
储藏条件 Storage conditions Ambient temperatures.

琼脂粉的简介:
琼脂粉凭借其独特的气味,我们可以轻松将琼脂与实验室中常见的其他材料区分开。化学上,琼脂粉是由半乳糖糖亚基组成的聚合物,琼脂粉溶于沸水并冷却,实验室琼脂看起来呈凝胶状。尽管琼脂的主要用途是作为各种微生物(尤其是细菌)的培养基,但其其他鲜为人知的用途包括用作汤和酱汁,果冻和冰淇淋,化妆品,澄清饮料和施胶的增稠剂。
有人可能会问,为什么用琼脂粉而不是普通的明胶来培养细菌?答案是琼脂粉,不像明胶那样,不会被细菌降解(吃掉)。此外,琼脂粉比明胶更牢固更强。但是,如果没有琼脂粉的情况下,仍然可以使用明胶作为细菌的培养基。
琼脂粉都有哪些应用?
琼脂(粉)是 在某些藻类的细胞壁中形成支撑结构,并在沸腾时被释放,这些藻类被称为琼脂藻,属于红藻类植物。琼脂粉在高温沸水调价下极易分散成为溶胶形式,不溶于冷水中,随着水温升高渐溶于热水中且呈凝胶状。
※ 琼脂粉通常以最终浓度为1-2%的浓度用于固化培养基原料。少量(0.05-0.5%)用于运动研究(0.5%w / v)以及厌氧菌(0.1%)和嗜氧菌生长的培养基原料。
※ 细菌级琼脂粉的规格包括良好的透明度,可控制的胶凝温度,可控制的融解温度,良好的扩散特性,不存在有毒的细菌抑制剂以及相对缺乏在代谢上有用的矿物质和化合物。
※ 包括用作上浆纸和织物的填充剂,酿造中的澄清剂;
※ 琼脂(粉)可以应用于植物生长培养基中配置过程中使用;
※ 琼脂粉也可以用作固定化酶的载体,电泳的介质或一些药物载体以及细菌的包理材料等;
※ 琼脂粉也用作增稠剂、悬浮剂、乳化剂、凝固剂、稳定剂、保鲜剂等方面应用。

琼脂粉在应用过程中,琼脂粉与琼脂条有什么区别?
琼脂粉和琼脂条主要成分相同,都可应用于生物实验做凝固过程使用,但琼脂条相比较琼脂粉更难溶水用,需要煮的时间更久,而琼脂粉相对较容易溶解于热水中,如果配制培养基琼脂粉是可以直接加入培养基中与其他培养基成分一起灭菌,此外琼脂粉相比琼脂条凝固性要更好,纯度高杂质少。


琼脂粉的使用过程中有哪些常见问题:
※ 琼脂粉配置MS培养基过程中,MS培养基颜色变黄?是否会对实验造成不良影响?

琼脂粉的批次不一样,色泽上会有差异,有些琼脂粉略显黄色,非质量问题,不会对实验造成不良影响。
※ 琼脂粉凝胶强度是什么意思?
一般琼脂粉的凝胶强度(1.5%)≥800g/cm2,800-1200g/cm2,指的是1.5g琼脂粉溶于100ml水后溶解凝固后,放置20℃条件下静置约10小时以上,再对凝胶的强度进行测定凝胶强度。当然强度也与温度,水质等有关。
一般琼脂粉夏天使用浓度相比较冬季更高,夏季温度高较高条件下长久保存可能会出现部分降解,所以如果要达到同样凝胶强度的所需的琼脂粉用量就会偏高。
※ 琼脂粉不凝固是什么原因?
1、培养基的PH值过低 ,偏酸,水解会造成不易溶解;
2、加的琼脂粉量不足 ,增加琼脂粉用量即可。搅拌不均匀也会出现凝固不好的现象,倒板前没有充分摇匀,凝固不均匀。
3、琼脂粉强度不过关,琼脂条在使用时添加量要稍微高一点,琼脂粉陈旧降解也会造成不易于凝固;
4、灭菌温度过高,加热时间过长以及PH改变均会破坏了琼脂的凝固度;
5、培养基没有加热溶解或者加热温度不足,就没有凝固。
※ 琼脂粉因为PH的变化会对其产生什么影响?
使用琼脂粉默认PH一般为7左右,如果PH<4则会出现琼脂粉无法凝结,PH与琼脂粉的稳定性的没做过实验,根据经验来说PH偏碱性条件下凝胶后颜色会偏白,PH偏酸条件下,凝胶颜色一般会偏暗。
※ 琼脂粉做碳源测试过程中,不加碳源单细菌仍然能生长,其他批次不能生长是什么原因?
一般条件下不加碳源细菌理论是不生长,一般微生物都不能利用琼脂粉,但某些杂菌仍可以利用,所以要检测到底是琼脂粉纯度问题还是染了杂菌。

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产品说明 琼脂粉(Agar)根据强度分为高强度琼脂粉和低强度琼脂粉,细菌琼脂粉,营养组培琼脂粉,琼脂粉(灰粉琼脂粉)可作为培养基的原料,琼脂粉仅用于科学研究实验使用,琼脂粉常见问题MSDS,琼脂粉溶解度见主页。
IntroductionAgar(琼脂粉)Only used for scientific research experiments, not for other purposes
Application1本产品应用于Used extensively as a gelling agent in the preparation of bacteriological culture media. Its main attributes are superior transparency, very reliable reproducibility and absence of inhibitors capable of hindering optimal development of microorganisms. Extraneous matter reduced to a minimum.
Application2琼脂粉可用于做培养基的原材料以及凝固剂。
Application3

琼脂粉基础知识介绍:
琼脂(粉)被称为琼脂,是两种成分的混合物:线性多糖和琼脂糖,属于小分子琼脂和较小分子的异质混合物。琼脂是一种源自海藻的植物性明胶。呈现出白色和半透明的植物明胶以片状,粉末状,条状和线状形式,可在几种无乳制品和纯素食主义者的配方中用作稳定剂和增稠剂。

琼脂粉应用过程中,可做稠化剂:
琼脂一直被用来固化植物组织培养的培养基。使用的琼脂或凝胶剂的类型可影响培养组织的生长。在任何研究或生产操作中,稠化剂的纯度和成本都是重要的因素。我们已经扩大BIOFOUNT的稠化剂系列,以便在根据您的特殊要求选择植物细胞培养测试稠化剂时提供更多的选择。


琼脂(粉)在凝胶电泳中的应用

琼脂粉是两种基于半乳糖的聚合物,琼脂糖和琼脂果胶的混合物。 琼脂会溶解在40°C以上的水性缓冲液中,并在?38°C凝固形成凝胶。 该凝胶具有大孔径和低摩擦阻力,可实现离子的快速运动,从而有助于分离大分子。 琼脂凝胶可用于分离核酸,其成本低于琼脂糖凝胶(如下所述)。 琼脂作为培养基的一个缺点是,除非在纯化之前除去硫的含量,否则电渗析是严重的。 临床上常规使用柠檬酸盐琼脂电泳来鉴定血红蛋白,例如,用于诊断镰状细胞性贫血。
琼脂(粉)都有哪些类型:
※ 血琼脂:这种琼脂是从动物血液(主要是绵羊)中获得的。因此,血琼脂具有动物血细胞。血琼脂可用于培养大多数细菌,这种琼脂不适合学生使用。
巧克力琼脂:这种琼脂是从羊血中获得的。它用于嗜血杆菌的生长,因为它具有这样做的必要因素(X和V)。巧克力琼脂是一种营养培养基。因此,它可以用于生长诸如奈瑟氏球菌和嗜血杆菌的生物物种。唯一的问题是无法从这种琼脂获得溶血数据。因此,如果您需要区分不同的嗜血杆菌属,则需要执行其他测试。巧克力琼脂不适合学生使用。
※ Luria Bertani琼脂或LB琼脂:实际上这不是琼脂的一种,而是一种亚型。 LB琼脂主要用于微生物学。对常规耕作有好处。 LB琼脂可用于培养微生物,除了诸如奈瑟氏球菌和嗜血杆菌之类的挑剔生物。 LB琼脂适合学生使用。
MacConkey琼脂:只能用于生长阴性细菌。 MacConkey实际上是一种粉末。 MacConkey琼脂有两种版本:一种在其中添加了糖乳糖,而另一种则完全不添加糖。可以在MacConkey琼脂上培养大肠杆菌。由于红色菌落中存在大肠杆菌,因此很容易看出这一点。因此,如果您注意到形成红色菌落,则意味着大肠杆菌正在利用糖来发育。 MacConkey琼脂不适合学生使用。
※ Miller的LB琼脂:实际上是Luria Bertani琼脂或LB琼脂的变体。成分与LB琼脂完全相同。唯一的区别是比例。 Miller的LB琼脂适合学生使用,但只能使用通用配方。
新霉素琼脂:这种琼脂含有一种称为新霉素的抗生素。通常发现新霉素是不同的药膏和药物,包括滴眼剂。自1949年由Selman Waksman首次发现以来,就一直使用这种抗生素。新霉素不是人造的,它是由一种称为弗拉特链霉菌的细菌产生的。新霉素琼脂有什么作用?通常,它会杀死革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌。有些人对它过敏,因此有潜在的毒性。新霉素琼脂可用于厌氧培养微生物。但是它可以阻止任何革兰氏阴性杆菌和葡萄球菌,从而使链球菌得以生长。新霉素不适合学生使用。
非营养琼脂:尽管不能将非营养琼脂用于培养细菌,但它对其他微生物的生长有益。非营养琼脂不适合学生使用。
※ 营养琼脂:这种琼脂可生长多种细菌和真菌。话虽如此,并不是所有的细菌都能在营养琼脂上生长。这种琼脂中的营养成分是牛肉汤和酵母提取物的组合。有时营养琼脂对于某些细菌而言太丰富而对于其他细菌而言则不足。这种琼脂适合学生使用。
※ Sabouraud琼脂:这种琼脂含有一种称为庆大霉素的氨基糖苷类抗生素。由于其pH值低,萨布罗琼脂可杀死大多数细菌。这种琼脂不适合学生使用。
※ 胰蛋白酶大豆琼脂:这种琼脂适合于生长许多微生物。它主要用于菌落形态。
※ 木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆酸盐琼脂或XLD琼脂:这种类型的琼脂与粪便样品一起使用,用于革兰氏阴性杆菌的生长,这种琼脂不适合学生研究使用。
What Is Agar Used For? 
Actually, agar is used for many different purposes. Its main purpose is to work as a culture medium for several different microorganisms (chiefly, bacteria).
But agar has other, more every day uses. For example, did you know that agar is also used in order to thicken ready-made sauce or soup? Well, it is. And it is also used in the manufacturing of different beverages, ice cream, and jelly; and, beyond the food industry, also in fabrics and cosmetics.
The reason why agar is used so widely is that, unlike good old gelatin, it can be used to culture bacteria. The problem with gelatin is that is can be degraded by bacteria. In other words, bacteria can eat gelatin but it cannot eat agar.
Agar (agar agar) is a gelatinous substance that is extracted from seaweed and processed into flakes, powders and sheets. It is commonly used in Asian cuisines and as a flavorless vegan substitute for gelatin. Agar helps gel, stabilize, texturize and thicken beverages, baked goods, confectioneries, dairy products, dressings, meat products and sauces.
Agar gels at low concentrations; the gel is opaque in color and chewy in texture, making it versatile in both cold and hot dishes. A general rule of thumb is to use 1 tablespoon of agar flakes or 1 teaspoon of agar powder to thicken 1 cup of liquid.

What Kind of Agar Are There?

※ Blood agar: this type of agar is obtained from animal blood (mostly from sheep). Therefore, blood agar has animal blood cells. Blood agar can be used to grow most bacteria. This type of agar is not suitable for student use.
※ Chocolate agar: this type of agar is obtained from sheep blood. It is used for the growth of Haemophilus because it has the necessary factors to do so (X and V). Chocolate agar is a nutrient culturing medium. As such it can be used to grow species of organisms such as Neisseria and Hemophilus. The only problem is no hemolysis data can be obtained from this type of agar. So, if you need to differentiate between different Hemophilus species, you will need to perform other tests. Chocolate agar is not suitable for student use.
※  Luria Bertani agar or LB agar: this is actually not a type of agar as such but, rather, a subtype. LB agar is mostly used in microbiology. It is good for routine cultivation. LB agar can be used to grow microorganisms with the exception of fastidious organisms like Neisseria and Hemophilus. LB agar is suitable for student use.
MacConkey agar: this can only be used to grow negative bacteria. MacConkey is actually a powder. There are two versions of MacConkey agar: one type has added sugar lactose in it, while the other comes with no added sugars at all. E.coli can be cultured on MacConkey agar. This can be easily seen because of e.coli forms in red colonies. So, if you notice red colonies forming this means that e.coli are using sugar to develop. MacConkey agar is not suitable for student use.
※ Miller’s LB Agar: this is actually a variation of Luria Bertani agar or LB agar. The components are exactly the same as LB agar. The only difference is the proportion. Miller’s LB agar is suitable for student use but only as the generic formula is used.
※ Neomycin agar: this type of agar has an antibiotic called neomycin. Neomycin is usually found is different ointments and medications including also eye drops. This antibiotic has been used since it was first discovered in 1949 by Selman Waksman. Neomycin is not man-made, it is produced by a bacterium known as Streptomyces fradiae. What are the effects of neomycin agar? Mostly, it kills gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Some people are allergic to it so there is a potential of it being toxic. Neomycin agar can be used to culture microorganisms anaerobically. But it stops any gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci, which in turn it allows species of Streptococcus to grow. Neomycin is not suitable for student use.
※ Non-nutrient agar: although non-nutrient agar cannot be used for culturing bacteria, it is good for the growth of other microorganisms. Non-nutrient agar is not suitable for student use.
※ Nutrient agar: this type of agar grows many kinds of bacteria and fungi. Having said that, not all bacteria can grow on nutrient agar. The nutrient in this type of agar is a combination of beef broth and yeast extracts. Sometimes nutrient agar is too rich for some bacteria and too deficient for others. This type of agar is suitable for student use.
※ Sabouraud agar: this type of agar has an aminoglycoside antibiotic known as gentamicin. Because of its low pH, sabouraud agar kills most bacteria. This type of agar is not suitable for student use.
※ Tryptic soy agar: this type of agar is good for growing many microorganisms. It is mostly used for colony morphology.
※ Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar or XLD agar: this type of agar is used with stool samples for the growth of gram-negative bacilli. This type of agar is not suitable for student use.

警示图
危险性 Warning
危险性警示 Not available
安全声明 H303吞入可能有害+H313皮肤接触可能有害+H333吸入可能对身体有害
安全防护 P264处理后彻底清洗+P280戴防护手套/穿防护服/戴防护眼罩/戴防护面具+P305如果进入眼睛+P351用水小心冲洗几分钟+P338取出隐形眼镜(如果有)并且易于操作,继续冲洗+P337如果眼睛刺激持续+P313获得医疗建议/护理
备注 避免吸入,误食以及与皮肤接触
琼脂粉对人体除了偶尔的过敏反应外,食品领域琼脂粉还可以作为食品添加剂使用,该产品粉末状易燃外,对人体几乎没有危险。

LD50 Rat oral 11 g/kg

Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 78
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

LD50 Mouse oral 16 g/kg

Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 78
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

LD50 Rabbit oral 5800 mg/kg

Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996., p. 78
Selection and Application of Culture Media Tim Sandle, in Biocontamination Control for Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare, 2019
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing F.C. Tenover, in Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition), 2009
Food Science Basics: Healthy Cooking and Baking Demystified Jacqueline B. Marcus MS, RD, LD, CNS, FADA, in Culinary Nutrition, 2013
Polymers in Biology and Medicine E.-H. Song, ... D.M. Ratner, in Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, 2012
BIOASSAYS | Bioautography L. Botz, ... S. Nagy, in Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition), 2005

Selection and Application of Culture Media Tim Sandle, in Biocontamination Control for Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare, 2019
Blood Agar

Blood agar, such as Columbia blood agar, is a highly nutritious general-purpose agar. Blood Agar is a general-purpose enriched medium often used to grow fastidious organisms and to differentiate bacteria based on their hemolytic properties. This medium is used for some microbiological identification tests.
Of the agars described it is most common for TSA to be used, either solely or in conjunction with SDA. Nutrient agar is a nutrient medium most effectively used for the cultivation of microorganisms supporting growth of a wide range of nonfastidious organisms, and blood agar is most appropriate for human-related organisms, in clinical practice.


Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing F.C. Tenover, in Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition), 2009
Agar gradient dilution
Agar gradient dilution is a proprietary method (called the Etest, AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden), which incorporates MIC testing into a format similar to the set up of a disk diffusion test (Figure 3). The antimicrobial agent is microencapsulated on the back of a plastic strip, and when placed on the surface of an agar plate, the antimicrobial agent diffuses from the strip into the agar medium in a rapid and predictable fashion forming a gradient. The Etest strip evaluates the inhibitory potential of a single antimicrobial agent over a large range of concentrations (e.g., 0.03–256 μg ml−1). Several Etest strips containing different antimicrobial agents can be arranged on a single agar plate. The Etest method is particularly useful for testing fastidious microorganisms such as campylobacters, pneumococci, and anaerobic bacteria, where only a limited number of antimicrobial agents need to be tested.
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