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-
Cholesterol
NMR and HPLC COA下载 MSDS下载 - Names：
Cholesterol, water-permeable lipid
- CAS号：
57-88-5
MDL Number： MFCD00003646 - MF(分子式)： C27H46O MW(分子量)： 386.65
- EINECS:200-353-2 Reaxys Number:
- Pubchem ID: Brand:BIOFOUNT
Cholesterol, water-permeable lipid胆固醇是哺乳动物细胞中产生的主要甾醇，是细胞活力和增殖所必需的。 它是哺乳动物细胞膜的一种成分，与膜磷脂、鞘脂和蛋白质相互作用以影响它们的行为。 它也是各种基于脂质的药物递送 (LBDD) 系统的组成部分，包括脂质体和脂质纳米颗粒 (LNP)，在这些系统中，它在膜稳定性方面发挥作用。胆固醇是类固醇激素、胆汁酸和活性形式的前体 维生素 D。受损的胆固醇稳态与各种疾病的发展有关，包括脂肪肝、糖尿病、胆结石、血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化、心脏病发作和中风。
| 货品编码 | 规格 | 纯度 | 价格 (¥) | 现价(¥) | 特价(¥) | 库存描述 | 数量 | 总计 (¥) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SC0010-500g | 500g | 95% | ¥ 850.00 | ¥ 850.00 | 780 | Instock,1days | ¥ 0.00 | |
| SC0010-5g | 5g | 95% | ¥ 49.00 | ¥ 49.00 | 52 | Instock 1days | ¥ 0.00 | |
| SC0010-25g | 25g | 95% | ¥ 119.00 | ¥ 119.00 | 97 | Instock 1days | ¥ 0.00 | |
| SC0010-100g | 100g | 95% | ¥ 236.00 | ¥ 236.00 | 287 | Instock,1days | ¥ 0.00 |
| 中文别名 | 57-88-5;胆固醇;左旋倍他洛尔;内源性雌激素相关受体α激动剂;ERRα激动剂 |
| 英文别名 | Epicholesterol;Cholesterol;water-permeable lipid;Provitamin D;NSC 8798;(3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol |
| CAS号 | 57-88-5 |
| Inchi | InChI = 1S / C27H46O / c1-18（2）7-6-8-19（3）23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21（28）13-15-26（ 20,4）25（22）14-16-27（23,24）5 / h9,18-19,21-25,28H，6-8,10-17H2,1-5H3 / t19-，21 +， 22 +，23-，24 +，25 +，26 +，27- / m1 / s1 |
| InchiKey | HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N |
| 分子式 Molecular Weight | C27H46O |
| 分子量 Formula | 386.65 |
| 溶解度Solubility | 略溶于热酒精；溶于胆盐的苯，油，脂肪和水溶液0.095 mg / L（在30°C下）Soluble in hot alcohol, chloroform, pyridine, benzene, fats , oils, acetone, dioxane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, and ether. Insoluble in water. |
| 性状 | 白色或微黄色的珍珠状颗粒或晶体No data available |
| 储藏条件 Storage conditions | 2-8oC，密封阴凉避光保存。 |
胆脂醇(57-88-5,Cholesterol)实验注意事项：
1.使用57-88-5实验前需戴好防护眼镜，穿戴防护服和口罩，佩戴手套，避免与皮肤接触。
2.使用57-88-5实验过程中如遇到有毒或者刺激性物质及有害物质产生，必要时实验操作需要手套箱内完成以免对实验人员造成伤害。
3.取样品57-88-5的移液枪头需及时更换，必要时为避免交叉污染尽可能选择滤芯吸头。
4.称量药品时选用称量纸，并无风处取药和称量以免扬撒，试剂的容器使用前务必确保干净，并消毒。
5.取药品57-88-5时尽量采用多个药勺分别使用，使用后清洗干净。
6.实验后产生的废弃物需分类存储，并交于专业生物废气物处理公司处理，以免造成环境污染。
大规格定制：定制产品请将信息发送至sales@bio-fount.com。
Experimental considerations:
1. Wear protective glasses, protective clothing and masks, gloves, and avoid contact with the skin during the experiment.
2. The waste generated after the experiment needs to be stored separately, and handed over to a professional biological waste gas treatment company to avoid environmental pollution.
Tags：胆固醇试剂.胆固醇杂质.胆固醇中间体.胆固醇溶解度.胆固醇旋光度.胆固醇密度.胆固醇购买.胆固醇MSDS.胆固醇结构式.
| 产品说明 | Cholesterol, water-permeable lipid胆固醇是哺乳动物细胞中产生的主要甾醇，是细胞活力和增殖所必需的。 它是哺乳动物细胞膜的一种成分，与膜磷脂、鞘脂和蛋白质相互作用以影响它们的行为。 它也是各种基于脂质的药物递送 (LBDD) 系统的组成部分，包括脂质体和脂质纳米颗粒 (LNP)，在这些系统中，它在膜稳定性方面发挥作用。胆固醇是类固醇激素、胆汁酸和活性形式的前体 维生 |
| Introduction | Cholesterol is a major sterol produced in mammalian cells that is required for cell viability and proliferation. |
| Application1 | 胆固醇是生物膜的主要组成部分，总脑磷脂25%左右为胆固醇 |
| Application2 | 生化研究，脑磷脂胆固醇絮状试验 |
| Application3 | 胆固醇可以应用于工业合成中间体 |
胆脂醇(57-88-5,Cholesterol)药理学：
※胆固醇是一种胆甾醇，由在5,6-位具有双键的胆甾烷以及3β-羟基组成。它具有作为人类代谢物，小鼠代谢物，水蚤（Daphnia galeata）代谢物和藻类代谢物的作用。它是3β-固醇，胆甾醇，C27-类固醇和3β-羟基-Delta（5）-类固醇。胆固醇是在脊椎动物的身体组织（和血浆）中发现的一种动物固醇。可以在肝脏，脊髓和大脑中发现大量这种物质。胆固醇是细胞膜的重要组成部分，具有稳定性。它是合成维生素D，各种类固醇激素（包括肾上腺皮质醇，可的松和醛固酮）以及性激素黄体酮，雌激素和睾丸激素的主要前体。胆固醇对于脑突触以及免疫系统也具有重要作用。在以低密度脂蛋白（LDL）升高为特征的疾病中，胆固醇通常会在动脉壁上形成斑块沉积，这种疾病被称为动脉粥样硬化，这是导致冠心病和其他形式的心血管疾病的主要原因。
※胆固醇是一种胆甾醇，由在5,6-位具有双键的胆甾烷以及3β-羟基组成。它具有作为人类代谢物，小鼠代谢物，水蚤（Daphnia galeata）代谢物和藻类代谢物的作用。它是3β-固醇，胆甾醇，C27-类固醇和3β-羟基-Delta（5）-类固醇。
※Cholesterol, also known as cholesterin or cordulan, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, cholesterol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. Cholesterol exists as a solid and is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. Cholesterol has been found throughout all human tissues, and has also been detected in most biofluids, including feces, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and bile. Cholesterol can be found anywhere throughout the human cell, such as in lysosome, cytoplasm, membrane (predicted from logP), and endoplasmic reticulum. Cholesterol participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Cholesterol can be converted into 22b-hydroxycholesterol through its interaction with the enzyme cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial. Furthermore, Cholesterol can be converted into 20alpha-hydroxycholesterol through its interaction with the enzyme cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial. Furthermore, Cholesterol can be converted into 7a-hydroxycholesterol through its interaction with the enzyme cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase. Finally, Cholesterol and palmitic acid can be biosynthesized from ce(22:2(13Z, 16Z)) through the action of the enzyme lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase. In humans, cholesterol is involved in bile acid biosynthesis pathway, steroid biosynthesis pathway, the lovastatin action pathway, and the zoledronate action pathway. Cholesterol is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the child syndrome pathway, adrenal hyperplasia type 5 or congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17 Alpha-hydroxylase deficiency, the apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome pathway, and the hypercholesterolemia pathway.
Cholesterol is found in animals and humans in all body tissues. Cholesterol may be released directly into the environment in effluents from wastewater treatment facilities. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 7.8X10-10 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates cholesterol will exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase cholesterol will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, cholesterol is expected to have no mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 16,000. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.67X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. If released into water, cholesterol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 8.9 hours and 11 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. An estimated BCF of 270 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to cholesterol may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where cholesterol is produced or used. The general population is exposed to cholesterol through dietary intake of foods containing cholesterol. Cholesterol is also produced endogenously by humans and other mammals. (SRC)
| 警示图 | |
| 危险性 | warning |
| 危险性警示 | Not Available |
| 安全声明 | H303吞入可能有害+H313皮肤接触可能有害+H333吸入可能对身体有害 |
| 安全防护 | P264处理后彻底清洗+P280戴防护手套/穿防护服/戴防护眼罩/戴防护面具+P305如果进入眼睛+P351用水小心冲洗几分钟+P338取出隐形眼镜（如果有）并且易于操作,继续冲洗+P337如果眼睛刺激持续+P313获得医疗建议/护理 |
| 备注 | 避免吸入，误食以及与皮肤接触 |
胆脂醇(57-88-5,Cholesterol)应急措施：
人体中胆固醇的致癌性证据不足。在实验动物中，胆固醇的致癌性证据不足。总体评价：胆固醇对人类的致癌性无法分类。
基本治疗：建立专利气道。必要时吸。留意呼吸功能不全的征兆，必要时协助通气。通过非呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度施用氧气。监测肺水肿并在必要时进行治疗。监视震动并在必要时进行处理。预期癫痫发作，必要时治。对于眼睛污染，请立即用水冲洗眼睛。在运输过程中用生理盐水连续冲洗每只眼睛。不要使用催吐剂。摄入时，应漱口，如果患者可以吞咽，具有强烈的呕吐反射性且不会流口水，则应以5 ml / kg 的剂量最多添加200 ml的水进行稀释。去污后用干燥的无菌敷料覆盖皮肤烧伤. 进阶治疗：昏迷，严重肺水肿或呼吸暂停的患者，应考虑经气管插管或经气管插管进行气道控制。带有气囊阀面罩装置的正压通风技术可能是有益的。监测心律并在必要时治疗心律不齐。使用D5W / SRP启动IV：“保持打开”，最小流速/。如果存在血容量不足的迹象，请使用乳酸林格氏液。注意是否有液体超载的迹象。考虑药物治疗肺水肿。对于有血容量不足迹象的低血压，请谨慎使用液体。注意是否有液体超负荷的迹象。用安定（Valium）治疗癫痫发作。使用盐酸普罗卡因协助眼睛冲洗.
| 1. Ohvo-Rekil?, H., Ramstedt, B., Leppim?ki, P., et al. Cholesterol interactions with phospholipids in membranes. Prog. Lipid Res. 41(1), 66-97 (2002). |
| 2. Tenchov, R., Bird, R., Curtze, A.E., et al. Lipid nanoparticles-from liposomes to mRNA vaccine delivery, a landscape of research diversity and advancement. ACS Nano 15(11), 16982-17015 (2021). |
| 3. Yamanashi, Y., Takada, T., and Suzuki, H. Associations between lifestyle-related diseases and transporters involved in intestinal absorption and biliary excretion of cholesterol. Biol. Pharm. Bull. |
胆脂醇(57-88-5,Cholesterol)参考文献：
1、EML webinar overview: Simulation-assisted discovery of membrane targeting nanomedicine Extreme Mechanics Letters 2020-09-01 32537481
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought infectious diseases again to the forefront of global public health concerns. In this EML webinar (Gao, 2020), we discuss some recent work on simulation-assisted discovery of membrane targeting nanomedicine to counter increasing antimicrobial resistance and potential application of similar ideas to the current pandemic. A recent report led by the world health organization (WHO) warned that 10 million people worldwide could die of bacterial infections each year by 2050. To avert the crisis, membrane targeting antibiotics are drawing increasing attention due to their intrinsic advantage of low resistance development. In collaboration with a number of experimental groups, we show examples of simulation-assisted discovery of molecular agents capable of selectively penetrating and aggregating in bacterial lipid membranes, causing membrane permeability/rupture. Through systematic all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy analysis, we demonstrate that the membrane activity of the molecular agents correlates with their ability to enter, perturb and permeabilize the lipid bilayers. Further study on different cell membranes demonstrates that the selectivity results from the presence of cholesterol in mammalian but not in bacterial membranes, as the cholesterol can condense the hydrophobic region of membrane, preventing the penetration of the molecular agents. Following the molecular penetration, we establish a continuum theory and derive the energetic driving force for the domain aggregation and pore growth on lipid membrane. We show that the energy barrier to membrane pore formation can be significantly lowered through molecular aggregation on a large domain with intrinsic curvature and a sharp interface. The theory is consistent with experimental observations and validated with coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of molecular domain aggregation leading to pore formation in a lipid membrane. The mechanistic modelling and simulation provide some fundamental principles on how molecular antimicrobials interact with bacterial membranes and damage them through domain aggregation and pore formation. For treating viral infections and cancer therapy, we discuss potential size- and lipid-type-based selectivity principles for developing membrane active nanomedicine. These studies suggest a general simulation-assisted platform to accelerate discovery and innovation in nanomedicine against infectious diseases.
2、 Caveolae and Lipid Rafts in Endothelium: Valuable Organelles for Multiple Functions Biomolecules 2020-08-21 32825713
Caveolae are flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane found in numerous cell types and are particularly abundant in endothelial cells and adipocytes. The lipid composition of caveolae largely matches that of lipid rafts microdomains that are particularly enriched in cholesterol, sphingomyelin, glycosphingolipids, and saturated fatty acids. Unlike lipid rafts, whose existence remains quite elusive in living cells, caveolae can be clearly distinguished by electron microscope. Despite their similar composition and the sharing of some functions, lipid rafts appear more heterogeneous in terms of size and are more dynamic than caveolae. Following the discovery of caveolin-1, the first molecular marker as well as the unique scaffolding protein of caveolae, we have witnessed a remarkable increase in studies aimed at investigating the role of these organelles in cell functions and human disease. The goal of this review is to discuss the most recent studies related to the role of caveolae and caveolins in endothelial cells. We first recapitulate the major embryological processes leading to the formation of the vascular tree. We next discuss the contribution of caveolins and cavins to membrane biogenesis and cell response to extracellular stimuli. We also address how caveolae and caveolins control endothelial cell metabolism, a central mechanism involved in migration proliferation and angiogenesis. Finally, as regards the emergency caused by COVID-19, we propose to study the caveolar platform as a potential target to block virus entry into endothelial cells。
3、 Hydroxychloroquine is protective to the heart, not Harmful: A systematic review New microbes and new infections 2020-08-20 32839670
Background Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been shown to be at least somewhat effective in treating COVID 19 patients. Recently FDA and CDC warnings of fatal cardiac toxicity from Torsade de Pointes (TDP) arrhythmia from HCQ use have been made, notwithstanding the long safe HCQ use for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. This has resulted in restricted access of HCQ for COVID 19 treatment. We hypothesized that HCQ and azithromycin have not been reported to cause significant acute cardiac arrhythmic mortality. Methods We performed a literature search for the effects of HCQ and azithromycin on the heart. Results No Torsade de Pointes or related deaths were found to have been reported as a result of HCQ and azithromycin use in the peer reviewed literature. To the contrary HCQ/azithromycin were uniformly found to substantially reduce cardiac mortality and also to decrease thrombosis, arrhythmia and cholesterol in treated patients in recent peer reviewed studies and meeting presentations. Conclusions HCQ and azithromycin do not cause TDP cardiac mortality. HCQ decreases cardiac events. HCQ should not be restricted in use for COVID 19 patients because of fear of cardiac mortality.
4、Greater risk of severe COVID-19 in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic populations is not explained by cardiometabolic, socioeconomic or behavioural factors, or by 25(OH)-vitamin D status: study of 1326 cases from the UK Biobank Journal of public health (Oxford, England) 2020-08-18 32556213
Background We examined whether the greater severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) amongst men and Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals is explained by cardiometabolic, socio-economic or behavioural factors. Methods We studied 4510 UK Biobank participants tested for COVID-19 (positive, n = 1326). Multivariate logistic regression models including age, sex and ethnicity were used to test whether addition of (1) cardiometabolic factors [diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, prior myocardial infarction, smoking and body mass index (BMI)]; (2) 25(OH)-vitamin D; (3) poor diet; (4) Townsend deprivation score; (5) housing (home type, overcrowding) or (6) behavioural factors (sociability, risk taking) attenuated sex/ethnicity associations with COVID-19 status. Results There was over-representation of men and BAME ethnicities in the COVID-19 positive group. BAME individuals had, on average, poorer cardiometabolic profile, lower 25(OH)-vitamin D, greater material deprivation, and were more likely to live in larger households and in flats/apartments. Male sex, BAME ethnicity, higher BMI, higher Townsend deprivation score and household overcrowding were independently associated with significantly greater odds of COVID-19. The pattern of association was consistent for men and women; cardiometabolic, socio-demographic and behavioural factors did not attenuate sex/ethnicity associations. Conclusions In this study, sex and ethnicity differential pattern of COVID-19 was not adequately explained by variations in cardiometabolic factors, 25(OH)-vitamin D levels or socio-economic factors. Factors which underlie ethnic differences in COVID-19 may not be easily captured, and so investigation of alternative biological and genetic susceptibilities as well as more comprehensive assessment of the complex economic, social and behavioural differences should be prioritised.
5、Hydroxychloroquine: mechanism of action inhibiting SARS-CoV2 entry bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2020-08-14 32817933
Propofol, tetracaine, and HCQ inhibit SARS2-PV viral entry. HCQ directly perturbs both GM1 lipid rafts and PIP2 domains. GM1 rafts increased in size and number similar to anesthetic disruption of lipid rafts; PIP2 domains decreased in size and number. HCQ blocked both GM1 and PIP2 domains ability to attract and cluster ACE2.
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