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肾上腺素

51-43-4 肾上腺素
肾上腺素(51-43-4,L-Epinephrine)是肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂。L-肾上腺素（L-肾上腺素）是一种激素和一种神经递质。对象：肾上腺素能受体肾上腺素是一种激素和一种神经递质。肾上腺素的药理学研究对自主神经系统和交感神经系统功能的理解作出了重大贡献。肾上腺素仍然是一些紧急适应症的有用药物。尽管它对肾上腺素受体具有非特异性作用，并且随后开发了针对肾上腺素受体亚型的多种选择性药物。肾上腺素这个词通常被用来表示交感系统的激活增加，与交战或逃避反应的能量和兴奋有关，即使这在生理上是不准确的。
货品编码 规格 纯度 价格 (¥) 现价(¥) 特价(¥) 库存描述 数量 总计 (¥)
YZM006942-500mg 500mg >99.0% ¥ 387.00 ¥ 387.00 In-stock
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¥ 0.00
YZM003350-500mg 500mg >99.5% ¥ 390.00 ¥ 390.00 2-3天
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¥ 0.00
HCT015780-100mg 100mg 97% ¥ 598.50 ¥ 598.50 4-7周
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中文别名 肾上腺素(51-43-4),4-(1-羟基-2-(甲基氨基)乙基)-1,2-苯二醇;醋酸肾上腺素;肾上腺素酒石酸;盐酸肾上腺素;表蛋白;盐酸肾上腺素;肾上腺素酒石酸氢盐;溶蛋白;Medihaler-Epi;
英文别名 L-Epinephrine(51-43-4);4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol;Acetate, Epinephrine;Adrenaline;Adrenaline Acid Tartrate;Adrenaline Bitartrate;Adrenaline Hydrochloride;Epifrin;Epinephrine;Epinephrine Acetate;Epinephrine Bitartrate;Epinephrine Hydrochloride;Epinephrine Hydrogen Tartrate;Epitrate;Lyophrin;Medihaler-Epi;
CAS号 51-43-4
Inchi InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InchiKey UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N
分子式 Molecular Weight C9H13NO3
分子量 Formula 183.2克/摩尔
溶解度Solubility 几乎不溶于水，乙醇（96％）和二氯甲烷。 溶于盐酸。
性状 白色至接近白色的微晶粉末或颗粒
储藏条件 Storage conditions 2-8°C,库房低温,通风,干燥,与食品原料分开存放
 
肾上腺素(51-43-4,L-Epinephrine)毒理性质：
生物 测试类型 路线 剂量 影响 参考
man TDLo oral 77 mg/kg (77 mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS; BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT; GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING Annals of Emergency Medicine., 19(671), 1990 [PMID:1971502]
man TDLo subcutaneous 43 ug/kg (0.043 mg/kg) CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP; GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING; SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): SWEATING: OTHER Annals of Emergency Medicine., 19(680), 1990 [PMID:2344087]
man LDLo subcutaneous 7 ug/kg (0.007 mg/kg) BRAIN AND COVERINGS: OTHER DEGENERATIVE CHANGES; CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES Annals of Emergency Medicine., 28(725), 1996 [PMID:8953972]
man TDLo subcutaneous 8571 ng/kg/80M (0.008571 mg/kg) CARDIAC: CARDIOMYOPATHY INCLUDING INFARCTION American Heart Journal., 111(1193), 1986 [PMID:2940853]
women TDLo intravenous 6 ug/kg (0.006 mg/kg) CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION) British Medical Journal., 286(519), 1983
man TDLo intravenous 285 ug/kg (0.28499999999999998 mg/kg) CARDIAC: EKG CHANGES NOT DIAGNOSTIC OF ABOVE American Journal of Emergency Medicine., 7(485), 1989 [PMID:2757714]
man TDLo intravenous 3 mg/kg (3 mg/kg) VASCULAR: CONTRACTION (ISOLATED TISSUES) American Journal of Emergency Medicine., 8(46), 1990 [PMID:2293835]
man TDLo intramuscular 2 ug/kg (0.002 mg/kg) VASCULAR: REGIONAL OR GENERAL ARTERIOLAR CONSTRICTION American Journal of Emergency Medicine., 8(46), 1990 [PMID:2293835]
man TDLo intravenous 16 ug/kg (0.016 mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS; CARDIAC: CHANGE IN RATE; VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION American Journal of Emergency Medicine., 5(64), 1987 [PMID:3814285]
infant TDLo multiple routes 625 ug/kg/I (0.625 mg/kg) CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP; LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS; KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: CHANGES IN TUBULES (INCLUDING ACUTE RENAL FAILURE, ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS) Southern Medical Journal., 78(874), 1985 [PMID:4012388]
rat LDLo oral 30 mg/kg (30 mg/kg)   Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif, Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948, -(22), 1948
rat LD50 skin 62 mg/kg (62 mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY); BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD; BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases., 8(4)(30), 1964
rat LDLo intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg (10 mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD; BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS; LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics., 88(268), 1946
rat LD50 subcutaneous 5 mg/kg (5 mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift., 71(554), 1941
rat LD50 intravenous 150 ug/kg (0.15 mg/kg)   Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie., 41(365), 1931
rat LD50 intramuscular 3500 mg/kg (3500 mg/kg)   Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook, Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973, -(105), 1973
mouse LDLo oral 50 mg/kg (50 mg/kg)   Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif, Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948, -(22), 1948
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 4 mg/kg (4 mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics., 90(110), 1947
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 1470 ug/kg (1.47 mg/kg)   Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie., 202(658), 1943
mouse LDLo unreported 10 mg/kg (10 mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD; BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT; LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie., 162(46), 1931
dog LD50 subcutaneous 5 mg/kg (5 mg/kg)   Drugs in Japan, 6(120), 1982
dog LD50 intravenous 100 ug/kg (0.1 mg/kg)   Drugs in Japan, 6(120), 1982
dog LDLo parenteral 5 ug/kg (0.005 mg/kg) CARDIAC: ARRHYTHMIAS (INCLUDING CHANGES IN CONDUCTION) Pharmacology: International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology., 1(189), 1968 [PMID:5676239]
cat LDLo subcutaneous 20 mg/kg (20 mg/kg)   Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif, Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948, -(22), 1948
cat LDLo intravenous 500 ug/kg (0.5 mg/kg)   Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif, Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948, -(22), 1948
rabbit LD50 subcutaneous 4 mg/kg (4 mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift., 71(554), 1941
rabbit LD50 intravenous 50 ug/kg (0.05 mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift., 71(554), 1941
guinea pig LDLo subcutaneous 800 ug/kg (0.8 mg/kg)   Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif, Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948, -(22), 1948
guinea pig LDLo intravenous 100 ug/kg (0.1 mg/kg)   Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif, Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948, -(22), 1948
mouse LD50 intravenous 217 ug/kg (0.217 mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY); CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP; SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica., 38(474), 1976 [PMID:989250]
rabbit LDLo oral 30 mg/kg (30 mg/kg)   Structure et Activite Pharmacodyanmique des Medicaments du Systeme Nerveux Vegetatif, Bovet, D., and F. Bovet-Nitti, New York, S. Karger, 1948, -(22), 1948
 
肾上腺素(51-43-4,L-Epinephrine)实验注意事项：
1.实验前需戴好防护眼镜，穿戴防护服和口罩，佩戴手套，避免与皮肤接触。
2.实验过程中如遇到有毒或者刺激性物质及有害物质产生，必要时实验操作需要手套箱内完成以免对实验人员造成伤害
3.实验后产生的废弃物需分类存储，并交于专业生物废气物处理公司处理，以免造成环境污染Experimental considerations:
1. Wear protective glasses, protective clothing and masks, gloves, and avoid contact with the skin during the experiment.
2. The waste generated after the experiment needs to be stored separately, and handed over to a professional biological waste gas treatment company to avoid environmental pollution.
Tags:肾上腺素试剂,肾上腺素合成,肾上腺素杂质,肾上腺素中间体,肾上腺素闪点,肾上腺素旋光度,肾上腺素溶解度,肾上腺素结构式,肾上腺素购买,肾上腺素MSDS,
产品说明 肾上腺素(51-43-4)是由肾上腺髓质分泌的激素,肾上腺素来源于氨基酸苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸.肾上腺素溶解度,肾上腺素MSDS,肾上腺素结构式详见主页
Introduction肾上腺素(51-43-4,L-Epinephrine) is a hormone secreted by the medulla of the adrenal glands. L-Epinephrine is anα-adrenergicandβ-adrenergicreceptor agonist.
Application1肾上腺素是儿茶酚胺，一种拟交感神经的单胺，来源于氨基酸苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸。它是大多数物种从肾上腺髓质分泌的活性拟交感神经激素。
Application2
Application3

 

肾上腺素(51-43-4,L-Epinephrine)药理学：

※肾上腺素为白色至接近白色的微晶粉末或颗粒。无臭。熔点211-212℃。水溶液是弱碱性的。略带苦味，麻木。

※肾上腺素是天然的拟交感神经胺的合成形式，具有收缩血管，降低眼内压和扩张支气管的活性。通过刺激血管α-肾上腺素受体，肾上腺素引起血管收缩，从而增加血管抵抗力和血压。当在结膜中给药时，该药物与虹膜括约肌中的α-肾上腺素受体结合，导致血管收缩，房水产生减少和眼内压降低。肾上腺素通过其beta1受体刺激作用，增加了心肌收缩的力量和速率，并放松了支气管平滑肌，导致支气管扩张。
肾上腺素是儿茶酚胺，一种拟交感神经的单胺，来源于氨基酸苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸。它是大多数物种从肾上腺髓质分泌的活性拟交感神经激素。它同时刺激α和β肾上腺素能系统，引起全身血管收缩和胃肠道松弛，刺激心脏，并扩张支气管和脑血管。它用于哮喘和心力衰竭，并延迟局部麻醉药的吸收。肾上腺素还可以扩张皮肤和肠道的小动脉，同时扩张腿部肌肉的小动脉。通过增加糖原水解成葡萄糖的方式来提高血糖水平在肝脏中，同时开始分解脂肪细胞中的脂质。肾上腺素对免疫系统具有抑制作用。

※肾上腺素来自肾上腺髓质的活性拟交感神经激素。 它刺激α-和β-肾上腺素能系统，引起全身血管舒张和胃肠道松弛，刺激心脏，并扩张支气管和脑血管。 它用于哮喘和心脏衰竭，并延迟局部麻醉药的吸收。

※Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline or epipen, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1, 2-benzenediol moiety. Epinephrine is a drug which is used to treat anaphylaxis and sepsis. also one of the body's main adrenergic neurotransmitters. Epinephrine exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and a very weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Epinephrine has been found throughout most human tissues, and has also been detected in multiple biofluids, such as urine, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Within the cell, epinephrine is primarily located in the cytoplasm and myelin sheath. Epinephrine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, S-Adenosylhomocysteine and epinephrine can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethionine and norepinephrine; which is catalyzed by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Furthermore, Epinephrine can be converted into 3, 4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde and methylamine; which is mediated by the enzyme amine oxidase [flavin-containing] a. Finally, S-Adenosylhomocysteine and epinephrine can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethionine and norepinephrine; which is mediated by the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. In humans, epinephrine is involved in the disulfiram action pathway, the epinephrine action pathway, the tyrosine metabolism pathway, and catecholamine biosynthesis pathway. Epinephrine is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the alkaptonuria pathway, tyrosinemia, transient, OF the newborn pathway, the tyrosinemia type I pathway, and aromatic L-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency.
※The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.

肾上腺素(51-43-4,L-Epinephrine)物理属性：
物理特性 值 单位 温度（摄氏度） 资源
Melting Point 211.5 deg C   EXP
pKa Dissociation Constant 8.59 (none) 25 EXP
log P (octanol-water) -1.37E+00 (none)   EXP
Water Solubility 180 mg/L 20 EXP
Vapor Pressure 7.37E-07 mm Hg 25 EST
Henry's Law Constant 7.06E-19 atm-m3/mole 25 EST
Atmospheric OH Rate Constant 1.38E-10 cm3/molecule-sec 25 EST
警示图
危险性 warning
危险性警示 Not available
安全声明 H303吞入可能有害+H313皮肤接触可能有害+H2413吸入可能对身体有害
安全防护 P264处理后彻底清洗+P280戴防护手套/穿防护服/戴防护眼罩/戴防护面具+P305如果进入眼睛+P351用水小心冲洗几分钟+P338取出隐形眼镜（如果有）并且易于操作,继续冲洗+P337如果眼睛刺激持续+P2393获得医疗建议/护理
备注 实验过程中防止吸入、食入，做好安全防护
 
肾上腺素(51-43-4,L-Epinephrine)危害标识：
象形图
信号 Danger
GHS危险说明 Aggregated GHS information provided by 100 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
H301 (97%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]
H310 (96%): Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]
H331 (93%): Toxic if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]
Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown.
防范说明代码 P261, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P311, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501
(The corresponding statement to each P-code can be found at the GHS Classification page.)
.Alm A, et al. The effect of topical l-epinephrine on regional ocular blood flow in monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980 May;19(5):487-91.
.Simons FE, et al. First-aid treatment of anaphylaxis to food: focus on epinephrine. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 May;113(5):837-44.
Morris KA, et al. Epinephrine and glucose modulate training-related CREB phosphorylation in old rats: relationships to age-related memory impairments. Exp Gerontol. 2013 Feb;48(2):115-27.
Callaway CW, et al. Epinephrine for cardiac arrest. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2013 Jan;28(1):36-42.
Bennett MR: One hundred years of adrenaline: the discovery of autoreceptors. Clin Auton Res. 1999 Jun;9(3):145-59. [PMID:10454061]
肾上腺素(51-43-4,L-Epinephrine)参考文献：
1、The Disparate Effects of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine on Hyperglycemia in Cardiovascular Surgery  
Daniel Phadke , Jared P Beller , Curt Tribble
Abstract：Hyperglycemia is a metabolic derangement that frequently develops after cardiovascular surgery. The perioperative administration of inotropic and vasoactive agents, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, are common in the management of cardiac surgery patients and are known to contribute to the development of postoperative hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that hemodynamic support with epinephrine exacerbates postoperative hyperglycemia to a greater degree than does treatment with norepinephrine. This literature review outlines the mechanisms by which epinephrine and norepinephrine alter glucose homeostasis, while highlighting the significant differences in their effects on hepatic glucose mobilization and peripheral glucose utilization. This review suggests that the use of epinephrine exacerbates postoperative hyperglycemia to a greater degree than does norepinephrine.

2、The Epinephrine/Norepinephrine/Autoinducer-3 Interkingdom Signaling System in Escherichia coli O157:H7
Cristiano G Moreira , Vanessa Sperandio 
Abstract：Epinephrine/norepinephrine/AI-3 signaling is used as an interkingdom chemical signaling system between microbes and their hosts. This system is also exploited by pathogens to regulate virulence traits. In enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7, it is essential for pathogenesis and flagella motility. These three signals activate expression of a pathogenicity island named locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), Shiga toxin, and the flagella regulon. These signals are sensed by the two-component system QseBC, whereas the bacterial membrane receptor QseC autophosphorylates and phosphorylates the QseB response regulator initiating a complex phosphorelay signaling cascade that activates the expression of a second two-component system, QseEF. The QseEF two-component system is also involved in the expression of the virulence genes, and it senses epinephrine, phosphate, and sulfate. This complex signaling cascade still needs to be completely elucidated.

3、Stress hormone epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) effects on the anaerobic bacteria       
Lyudmila Boyanova
Abstract：Microbial endocrinology is a relatively new research area that already encompasses the anaerobes. Stress hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, can affect the growth of anaerobic bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella spp., Porhyromonas spp., Tanerella forsythia and Propionibacterium acnes and can increase virulence gene expression, iron acquisition and many virulence factors of some anaerobic species such as Clostridium perfringens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Brachyspira pilosicoli. Epinephrine and norepinephrine effects can lead to a growth increase or decrease, or no effect on the growth of the anaerobes. The effects are species-specific and perhaps strain-specific. Discrepancies in the results of some studies can be due to the different methods and media used, catecholamine concentrations, measurement techniques and the low number of strains tested. Biological effects of the stress hormones on the anaerobes may range from halitosis and a worsening of periodontal diseases to tissue damages and atherosclerotic plaque ruptures. Optimizations of the research methods and a detailed assessment of the catecholamine effects in conditions mimicking those in affected organs and tissues, as well as the effects on the quorum sensing and virulence of the anaerobes and the full spectrum of biological consequences of the effects are interesting topics for further evaluation.

4、Epinephrine-Induced Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy During Laparoscopic Myomectomy: Case Report and Review of the Literature
 Joseph Nassif , Hasan Nahouli , Ali Khalil , Elie Mikhael, Walid Gharzeddine , Ghina Ghaziri 
Abstract：Laparoscopic myomectomy, a minimally invasive procedure performed for the management of uterine leiomyomas, involves a challenging aspect: excessive local bleeding. Hemorrhage control during laparoscopic myomectomy can be achieved through the use of a wide range of vasoconstrictors, including epinephrine. Epinephrine is frequently used for the control of local bleeding during surgery; however, it has been associated with several complications. In this case report, we present a rare and unique case of stress-induced cardiomyopathy, also known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), caused by intramyomal injection of epinephrine during laparoscopic myomectomy. TC is a transient type of cardiomyopathy associated with a reversible regional systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle as well as various abnormal wall motions, and is often indistinguishable from myocardial infarction. TC is more prevalent in women than in men and has been linked to supraphysiological levels of plasma catecholamine. Although epinephrine is an effective vasoconstrictor used to control bleeding, it is potentially associated with adverse events that should be thoroughly investigated within the field of gynecology and its application to laparoscopic myomectomy.

5、Stable Parent Anions of Dopamine and Adrenaline: A New Form of Neurotransmitters
 Chu Gong , Wei Wang , Kit Bowen , Xinxing Zhang 
Abstract：Previously, dopamine and adrenaline were only known to exist in three closed-shell forms: neutral molecules (including zwitterions), protonated cations, and deprotonated anions. In the present work, stable open-shell parent anions of dopamine and adrenaline were generated in the gas phase and characterized by a combination of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and calculations. These anions were formed as a result of an enol-keto-type tautomerization initiated by the attachment of excess electrons. Calculations showed that hydrogen atoms on the hydroxyl groups of dopamine and adrenaline migrated to adjacent carbon atoms under the influence of the additional electron, breaking the aromaticity of the benzene ring and resulting in the formation of the rare anionic tautomers. We speculate that the secondary electrons generated in scenarios such as radiotherapy could produce the anions reported in this work, providing a potential new depletion channel of these molecules in vivo.

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